1 Introduction Science often discovers surprising things. Who would have thought that your great^30-billion grandfather was a prokaryote. So does philosophy.
So does philosophy. Any particular example of something that philosophers have discovered will be controversial, but I think pretty undeniable examples of discovered philosophical truths are that avoiding the repugnant conclusion is surprisingly tricky, worlds with infinite happy and miserable people are mostly incomparable, and every way of making decisions about low probabilities requires giving up some obvious-seeming principle. Many philosophical judgments are surprising at first, but turn out to be nearly unavoidable.
Many philosophical judgments are surprising at first, but turn out to be nearly unavoidable. Here's one of them: sparing infinite shrimp from extreme torture is vastly better than saving one human from death.